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7 March 2025

10 groundbreaking inventions that changed history, created by women

Many women have developed ideas that have transformed the way we live, from central heating to e-books. Yet, their contributions were often overlooked or credited to others. Meet ten trailblazing women whose innovations marked a turning point in both technology and society. 

Throughout history, women have been behind many technological breakthroughs that we now take for granted.

However, their achievements frequently went unnoticed or were overshadowed by more prominent figures. These pioneering women never received the recognition they truly deserved. Who were they? Where are they placed on the timeline of innovation? We’re here to uncover it all.

Let’s explore the impact of each of these remarkable women. These inventors deserve far more recognition for their contributions, which range from heating systems to cutting-edge developments in artificial intelligence.

 

Mujeres que inventaron el futuro

  • 1919 - Alice H. Parker
    Patentó un sistema de calefacción a gas, pionero en calefacción central.

  • 1925 - Florence Lawrence
    Sentó las bases de los actuales intermitentes y luces traseras de los automóviles.

  • 1942 - Hedy Lamarr
    Desarrolló una tecnología clave en las comunicaciones inalámbricas modernas, como WiFi o GPS.

  • 1949 - Ángela Ruiz Robles
    Patentó un dispositivo mecánico de lectura, precursor del E-Book moderno.

  • 1952 - Ada Lovelace (precursora) / Grace Hopper
    Ada Lovelace fue pionera en el lenguaje de programación en el siglo XIX y Grace Hopper creó el primer compilador.

  • 1969 - Marie Van Brittan Brown
    Patentó un sistema de videovigilancia para hogares.

  • 2001 - Nancy Sottos
    Pionera en materiales autorreparables, una revolución para la construcción, la industria aeroespacial o la ingeniería de materiales.

  • 2009 - Esther Takeuchi
    Mejoró la durabilidad de las baterías de litio usadas en los marcapasos.

  • 2010 - Fei-Fei Li y Joy Buolamwini
    Desempeñaron un papel esencial en la mejora de la tecnología de reconocimiento facial.

  • 2015 - Mary Lou Jepsen
    Figura clave en realidad virtual, en 2015 lideró el proyecto Oculus Rift.

Alice H. Parker: central heating (1919)

In an era when heating homes depended on wood or coal, Alice H. Parker developed a natural gas-powered boiler system in 1919.

Her innovative design included an individual control system that distributed heat evenly throughout various rooms, improving energy efficiency and reducing indoor pollution.

Her patent is considered a milestone in the evolution of modern heating systems. Like many women’s innovations at the time, however, it was not widely recognised. 

Her idea paved the way for the advanced heating systems we find in buildings around the world today. Despite the gender and racial barriers she faced as a black woman, Parker left a lasting legacy in the field of climate control.

Alice H. Parker (1895 - Estados Unidos) Imagen: Robaire Company.

Florence Lawrence: turn signals and brake lights (1914)

Florence Lawrence was one of the first silent film stars, but her influence went far beyond the silver screen.

Passionate about the automobile industry, in 1914 she designed an automatic signalling system for cars. With the push of a button, mechanical arms mounted on a car’s bumper would indicate the driver’s intention to turn or stop. Her invention laid the foundation for today’s indicators and brake lights.

Although she came up with the idea in 1914, it wasn’t patented until 1925. 
She was driven by a desire to improve road safety at a time when cars were becoming popular.

Despite her ingenuity, her invention was never patented. This meant that others were able to exploit the concept without giving her credit.

Hedy Lamarr: wireless communication technologies (1942) 

Hollywood actress Hedy Lamarr was also a brilliant inventor. During World War II, she and composer George Antheil developed a ‘frequency-hopping’ technology designed to prevent the jamming of radio-controlled torpedoes.

Though it wasn’t adopted by the military at the time, the technology became the basis for modern wireless communications, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS.

Lamarr received no financial reward for her invention and her contribution was only recognised decades later. Her story is a powerful example of how women’s scientific talents have long been undervalued - and often forgotten.

Florence Lawrence (1886 - Canadá) Imagen: Prensa y gente.
Hedy Lamarr (1914 - Austria) Imagen: Cinecinéfilos.

Ángela Ruiz Robles: the e-book (1949)

Long before Kindles and e-readers, Spanish inventor Ángela Ruiz Robles patented the ‘mechanical encyclopedia' in 1949. 
This device was designed to lighten the load of school textbooks and make learning more interactive.

It featured interchangeable content spools and a structure that allowed users to display text dynamically. Her goal was ‘to innovate education by making it more intuitive, achieving maximum learning with minimum effort, and adapting books to technological progress.’

Although her invention was never mass-produced, it laid the groundwork for the digital revolution in education.

Ángela Ruiz Robles (1895 - España) Imagen: 11F.

Ada Lovelace and Grace Hopper: computer programming (1952)

Ada Lovelace is recognised as the world’s first computer programmer. In the 19th century, she worked with Charles Babbage on his analytical engine, writing the first algorithm intended for machine processing.

This made it possible for the machine to repeat a sequence of instructions, what we now call a ‘loop.’ It was a revolutionary concept at the time.

More than a century later, Grace Hopper expanded on Lovelace’s legacy. Often referred to as the first female hacker, she developed the first computer compiler, enabling code to be translated from one programming language to another. 

Hopper was also instrumental in creating COBOL, a programming language still used today in business and banking systems. Their impact on modern computing is indisputable.

Ada Lovelace (1815 - Reino Unido) Imagen: National Geographic.
Grace Hopper (1906 - Estados Unidos) Imagen: Mujeres con ciencia.

Marie Van Brittan Brown: video surveillance cameras (1969)

Concerned about home security, Marie Van Brittan Brown invented the first closed-circuit television (CCTV) security system in 1969.

Her system included a camera connected to a monitor and a two-way communication system, allowing homeowners to remotely monitor their property.

Her invention was the precursor to today’s home security systems used in residences and businesses around the world. 

Nancy Sottos: self-healing materials (2001)

Engineering professor Nancy Sottos is renowned for her work in developing self-healing polymer materials. These materials can repair themselves after sustaining damage, revolutionising industries such as construction,

aerospace, and materials engineering. Advancements in this field are helping to reduce maintenance needs and extend the lifespan of critical infrastructure. 

Esther Takeuchi: improved lithium batteries (2009)

Esther Takeuchi transformed medical technology with her improved lithium batteries, used in implantable defibrillators. Her work significantly increased the longevity of these life-saving devices.

With more than 140 patents, her influence on medicine and energy storage technology is undeniable. Her research continues to drive advancements in battery technology and renewable energy. 

Marie Van Brittan Brown (1922 - Estados Unidos). Imagen: Kreol Magazine.
Nancy Sottos (1963 - Estados Unidos). Imagen: University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
Esther Takeuchi (1953 - Estados Unidos) Imagen: European Inventor Award
Mary Lou Jepsen (1965 - Estados Unidos) Imagen: TechCrunch.

Fei-Fei Li and Joy Buolamwini: facial recognition technologies (2010)

Fei-Fei Li and Joy Buolamwini have played key roles in advancing artificial intelligence, particularly facial recognition technology. Li has helped develop more accurate AI models, while Buolamwini advocates for ethical practices in AI and works to address algorithmic bias. 

Fei-Fei Li (1976 - China) Imagen: Makers
Joy Buolamwini (1989 - Canadá) Imagen: Cyber War Mag

Mary Lou Jepsen: Oculus Rift (2015)

Virtual reality took a major leap forward thanks to Mary Lou Jepsen, an expert in display technologies. Her work was instrumental in developing the high-resolution screens that enhanced the quality and immersion of the Oculus Rift.

Launched in 2015 by Oculus VR (now part of Meta), the Oculus Rift was one of the first devices to popularise virtual reality. Offering an immersive experience with advanced tracking systems and high-quality displays, it marked a milestone in making VR more realistic and accessible.

Central heating, turn signals, e-books, security cameras, etc. These inventions have often been ignored or downplayed, but, now more than ever, it’s essential to recognise their creators.

Their legacy reminds us of how female-driven innovation has helped shape the modern world.

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